California law requiring therapists disclose patients admitted downloads of c.p. now can be challenged in court

The California state supreme court, voting 4-3, has allowed to go forward litigation of a 2014 law that requires therapists to report patients who admit to downloading child pornography even though they did not disseminate it.

Therapists argue, reasonably, that this would stop people from seeking therapy.

Maura Dolan has a detailed article in the Los Angeles Times (paywall) Dec 26.

I recall there had been some controversy about the law at the time and I recall hearing about the proposal in 2013.

  

But the issue also reminds me of the “confessions” that James Holmes in Colorado made to his therapist before the violent theater rampage in 2012, and that the therapist thought she had a serious ethical dilemma.

Picture: Sacramento at night, my picture, Sept. 2018 

New York Times reports major c.p. busts of hosted sites based on the detective work of Canadian non-profits

Gabriel J. X. Dance has a long and detailed and heavily formatted front-page article (“Fighting the Good Fight”) in the New York Times today about hosted sites (as opposed to social media platforms) serving child pornography.  Most of these are hosted overseas, surprisingly in Europe (such as the Netherlands) where everyone thinks censorship and illegal content laws are stricter.

The article makes it appear that Cloudflare hides these sites from law enforcement, a claim that the CEO will surely challenge.

A number of non-profits, formed by victims, have hunted these sites down. Some of the non-profits are in Canada, with one of the largest in Winnipeg, Manitoba (north of Minnesota and socially and culturally similar) and it uses a detection program called Arachnid.

The busts will add to the count of watermarked images that NCMEC can check against.

Another look at Tumblr's porn ban a year ago

Recently, there have been some conversations where people remember Tumblr’s porn ban of Dec 17, 2018 (about a year ago), TOS document here. 

Vox had explained the action in a piece by Aja Romano that day.  

  

Apparently the reason was related to Apple’s pulling an iPhone app after child pornography was detected.  This was quite damaging to the company.

There are other possible reasons.  Banks are getting skittish about doing business with companies with high risk exposure, and porn poses that kind of risk.  Bostwiki had explained this in a video a few days ago. 

And during 2019 there has been at least one major international bust, which will add more watermarks to NCMEC’s database for companies to check against, for uploads, email attachments, or even conceivably cloud storage.

  

I included a Wochit video about this in yesterday’s GLBT blog posting that talked about several quirky topics.

Parents need to be careful about kids' video game playing (NYTimes series this week)

Nellie Bowles and Michael H. Keller have a detailed and disturbing series starting in the Sunday New York Times on December 8, 2019, “While they play online, children may be the prey”.  The series is called “Exploited: virtual ‘hunting grounds’”. 

The article starts online with chat samples, and describes intrusions into kids playing video games, often those “made for kids”, sometimes from Discord servers, as discovered by some alert parents.

The story reminds me of a New York Times article by Kurt Eichenwald about Justin Berry in 2005. 

  

The video above by Chubbyemu describes how a young man dropped dead after playing video games for 73 hours unstopped. He died of acute pulmonary embolism.  In South Korea people are treated for gaming addiction.

Reminder: submit comments to the FTC (Federal Trade Commission) this week if you're a YouTube content creator or have other concerns about COPPA

I have just made a formal comment to the FTC regarding the implementation of its new settlement with YouTube on January 1, 2020 and the potential impact on YouTube creators.  I have a writeup of it here.  You can use this link to make your own comment, not later than Dec. 9, 2019.    

    

Essentially, I acknowledge that even non-monetized videos indirectly depend on behavioral ads and their visitors could be targeted later with advertising even for visiting me, and that my own videos are normally intended for access through blogs, where the audience is likely to be adult and likely academic or professional.  I use some train videos in a metaphorical manner.

  

I also suggested that the FTC exempt video channel owners who accept YouTube’s own ratings as MFK or not, and that YouTube consider age-gates.  These may not save the income of many creators with youth-oriented content.

  

I also suggested that industry consider the idea of router age-gates, which would involve FCC approval (not FTC) and startup development and funding.

  

There is a discussion of whether YouTube’s restricted mode is an age-gate here. 

Obviously, what would actually work deserves discussion and I expect to find a lot more material on this soon.

John Fish has some programmatic (“lexical”) ideas in this mid 2018 video (well before the settlement) that seem to point to some clues as to how an effective gate might be developed.

I see some videos about the CCPA (California) popping up on YouTube and will look into these soon.

Michigan law firm proposed a technical solution that YouTube and all social media companies should implement (a new kind of age-gate) to prevent COPPA problems

Hoeg Law has made some videos explaining in detail the relationship between content creators and YouTube and the obligations of both under a literal reading of the COPPA statute. He has a technical suggestion on how YouTube could help content creators and recommends also that Facebook and other social media sites do the same. (It's conceivable that this would apply to Blogger and WordPress also.) I urge the Minds community (Subverse, Mythinformed, etc) watch some of his videos and become familiar with this problem.

He has at least two other preceding videos where he discusses the controversy over content creator liability for what the “allow YouTube” to do with the information from cookies accessed from visitors to creator videos.

  

His suggestions would apply to Blogger (in connection with Adsense) and Google should consider implementing them.  Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, etc. would all benefit from implementing his suggestions to prevent possibly exposing their users to subtle legal risks from COPPA. 

(His videos are not personalized legal advice.  They are suggestions especially for tech companies to adopt to reduce risk and believes users should pressure these companies to do so.) 

Picture:  Houghton and Hancock on the Michigan UP.  I was there Sept. 30. 

YouTube issues instructions to content creators on how to comply with the new "made for kids" rules

YouTube has an important video for content creators which the speaker says are necessary for compliance with a legal settlement it recently made the FTC.

Content creators must mark their videos as “made for kids” or “not made for kids”.  There is a provision in advanced settings in YouTube studio to do this globally, to apply one setting for all videos, which is certainly necessary for those with many videos. 

A “kid” in the U.S. is someone under 13.

  

Many features are disabled for “made for kids” videos, including comments.  But the fact that a video is suitable for kids does not mean it was intended primarily for kids. 

Update:  Nov. 19

Many in the YouTube community are concerned that the FTC will override YouTube's "made for kids" settings whether made by YT or the channel, and fine the channels.  There is more discussion here  (the business site for my books) on Wordpress, and more videos and info.  This is a developing story.  

NYTimes now shows that tech companies could be in a legal bind if they try proactively to find and remove c.p. content

Gabriel J. X. Dance and Michael H. Keller have continued their investigation for the New York Times about the persistence of child sex abuse images on videos online, underground, this week.  On Nov. 9, they published, “If these were pictures of you, you’d understand” 

  

Two sisters are still traumatized by images of events that happened over a decade ago.
   

On Tuesday, Nov. 13, the NYTimes Business Page published another followup, “Legal Tightrope in spotting child sex abuse imagery”.

  

 The article explains that the draconian nature of the laws can actually make it harder to detect, and make it more difficult for tech companies, if they intend to help, to actually process images or videos or ship them to authorities. So tech companies could be caught in a moral dilemma on this (see Nov 10 post) with no clear answer.

   

Applying artificial intelligence will be very risky because it could implicate legally innocent parties who, in a practical world that can become polarized and hostile, would find their reputations sundered forever regardless of legal innocence. Electronic Frontier Foundation would certainly respond to this.

Tech companies may be prodded to check cloud storage of private data for illegality

The New York Times has a booklet-length front-page article, by Michael H. Keller and Gabriel J.X. Dance, Sunday Nov. 10, “Child sex abusers elude flimsy digital safeguards” with the subtitle “A living nightmare for the victims as tech companies fail to stop the images”.  Online the title is “Child abusers run rampant as tech companies look the other way”, which is more likely to provoke a gut reaction in the visitor.

The article notes that tech companies do check what is uploaded to the web or to social media for watermarks, and Google checks images attached to gmail for watermarked items identified by the NCMEC in Alexandria, VA (there was a very visible arrest in Houston about four years ago).  Recently, a major bust overseas added many images.  But cloud storage intended to be private (like your iCloud) is not, and is often well protected by encryption (EFF says not well enough).

Will tech companies be pressured to check cloud storage too?  Could they check for other things, like copyright infringement?  Think now about the CASE Act and connect the dots!  (If you subscribe to a site, you should normally be able to save content from your site on your hard drive and let it back up as long as it is for your own use and not published online for others.) 

    

The article also a sidebar story maintaining that images of victims are still shared online.

Update:

NBC News has a story from Florida about a bust that is quite disturbing. 

CIA said to have recruited child abusers in McCarthy era for spying purposes (FBI vaults)

There is some evidence from FBI records that the CIA ("The Finders" front) abducted people, maybe minors, to use them as spies or as “Manchurian candidates” back in the 1950s, at least in this vault reference. 

“Stephen” (a musician and libertarian-oriented digital activist) dug up this analysis and posted it in a long twitter thread.

  

This would have gone on during the McCarthy era.

Increase in street prostitution on the ground in trendy DC area (Logan Circle) attributed to FOSTA

“7 on your Side” investigates the increase in street prostitution near Logan Circle in Washington DC, and reports on WJLA7.  The increase is clearly because FOSTA (the “Backpage law”) has forced sex workers off line and into the streets.  

It’s interesting that WJLA belongs to Sinclair Broadcasting in Baltimore, a supposedly “conservative” media company.  The conservatives are waking up to the fact that laws like FOSTA don’t work.

  

Ironically, Logan Circle is rather popular in the gay community, with Crew Club, and with Trade DC, a no-nonsense bar and small disco that has helped "replace" Town.  There is also a popular steak and shake place in the area with a big sports bar video.  

But the prostitution seems to be all heterosexual. 

  

There is talk of legalizing prostitution in Washington DC. 

US prosecutors charge major c.p. operator in South Korea and many of his "customers"; many more images will be catalogued for automatic detection

NBC reports, in a story by Cyrus Farivar and Andrew Blankstein, that the United States attorneys have filed multiple charges against an operator of a large child pornography underground site on the dark web, apparently from South Korea, where the person is already jailed, story. The site has been shut down in March 2018.

300 suspects were arrested for possession in South Korea, as well as other countries, as well as one person in Washington DC with an unprecedented “collection”.

The site had told users not to upload “adult porn”, which would seem to have a double meaning.

   

The NCMEC in Alexandria, VA reports that a large number of new images will be catalogued and watermarked for automatic detection by servers (as Google checks gmail attachments).  It would sound plausible in the future that cloud backups could be checked.  That’s a concern (that they could be checked for a lot of things) raised in Edward Snowden’s new book “Permanent Record” which I will review soon.

UK passes and starts enforcing its own version of COPA(!)

The UK (Britain) has passed a law similar to the United States old and overturned (in 2007) Child Online Protection Act (COPA), which was effective on Monday, July 15, 2019, according to this source called UKOM, link.

  

Users must present some sort of identification before signing on to “porn sites”.  It is unclear from the article what would define a site as adult, as we know from the COPA trial that the ambiguities tore down the law.

  

The article goes on to examine the obvious differences between male and female porn interests.

  

Another related question would be how a user who views a porn video made outside the US, UK, Canada, Australia, or other western countries, would know that the actors were over 18 when the video was made (because the image might exist in a cache on his computer).  There is also an interesting question that since, recently, acting agencies don’t want to see ages on resumes (because of age discrimination), how they comply with US law on age verification for adult content. That refers to the Child Protection and EnforcementAct of 1988 and the 2257 record-keeping regulations, apparently still in force.  This issue may be looked at in further posts.

YouTube gets fined for violation of children's privacy. COPPA, a slap on the wrist

Media sources report that Google has been forced to pay a civil fine of $150M to $200M to settle claims that it had illegally collected children’s data, in violation of the 1998 Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act.

The FTC voted 3-2 alone party lines, similar as for removing formal network neutrality.

  

Democrats thought that this was a slap on the hands.

Lawsuit against Boy Scouts of America shows hypocrisy of past decades over "moral" policies

A lawsuit was filed this week against the Boy Scouts of America claiming hundreds of boys were abused over the decades, despite pretense of straight morality.  Cara Kelly et al have a story in USA Today Wednesday. 

The BSA have long had membership controversies.  The BSA defended a lawsuit by James Dale in 2000 when the Supreme Court defended their anti-gay ban on the theory they were a private organization. Despite private pressure, they doubled down somewhat in 2004, and did not adopt more inclusive policies for members and leaders until 2013-2015, as explained in Wikipedia. 

The BSA was a major employer in the Dallas-FW area (even employing computer programmers) when I lived there in the 80s, with headquarters I think in Irving near highway 183.

However, this litigation seems to refer to problems that occurred years and decades before their more inclusive policies were adopted.

The BSA has also been in legal disputes with the Girl Scouts. 

  

A roommate at William and Mary in the fall of 1961 told me he had witnessed abuse at a summer camp in Virginia in 1960.

Could tech companies replicate s.o. registry laws with their own "social credit" blacklists, given current uproar over right wing extremism?

I haven’t talked much about the idea of keeping convicted sex offenders from having Internet access after they serve their sentences (as part of registration), but the Los Angeles Times offered an editorial on June 23, 2017 about the matter, link here. 

This concerned the Supreme Court’s striking down a North Carolina law which led to the re-arrest of a previously convicted offender for using Facebook.

The Court had argued that persons should be able to use the Internet for more mundane uses, like job searches.

  

But there is another angle.  Given all the pressure on tech companies to cut down on extremism (especially from the alt-right) and also new liabilities imposed on them by developments in Europe, we may have a day when tech companies have their own requirements of “social credit” to have an account at all.

Epstein's case proves that billionaires can wind up held in jail for a long time; does FOSTA matter here?

The arrest of Jeffrey Epstein shows that billionaires can go to jail and probably be denied bail as flight risks, if there is probable cause that “they” participated in sex trafficking or child pornography (they often go together).  In Epstein’s case, it seems that most of this was going on in Florida, but his homes in NYC also contained plenty of “illegal” material.  Here is the Daily Beast story by Harry Siegel et al. 

I guess you can be in the privileged set at Mar a Lago and wind up in jail.

  

It is fair to say that this prosecution would probably work even if the FOSTA law had not been passed. But the fallout may include more suspicion online of some websites or video channels.   

Although probably not at issue here, another possibility is that someone can be framed. 

Ars Technica writer caught in a sting; he had advocated legalizing c.p.; OANN reports

On June 12, One America News with Jack Posobiec (himself controversial because of supposed right wing connections) reported the arrest in NYC of Ars Technica journalist Peter Bright, caught in a sting similar to NBC’s “to catch a predator”.

The video shows Bright’s advocacy of lowering age of consent and making child pornography legal (which it may well be in Russia).

  

His page is still up on Ars Technica. 

The Daily Dot also has a story about the sting, as of June 7, which had taken place in April.

  

His Twitter account was still up as of July 3 but Twitter flashes a warning about his account as under investigation. Does the name of his account refer to PizzaGate? 

YouTube seems to have problems now with COPPA, again

YouTube keeps getting into trouble.  Now the problem is COPPA, the Child Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998.

Various offences, reported to the FCC, seem to occur when some unscrupulous creators change kids’ content with spicy material to earn more ad clicks, and others happen when kids are inadvertently shown autoplays of regular videos and private information is collected.

YouTube may have to segregate the kids’ section completely, and turn off autoplay, at least for the kids.

  

Here is a Think Progress summary. 

Male student goes in drag in do-it-yourself undercover sting

A 20-year-old male student disguised himself as a 16 year old girl, and used a Snapchat gender filter to entrap a California police officer looking for an underage heterosexual partner.  Inside Edition reports.  This sounds like “To Catch a Predator” on steroids.

  

It is really going the extra mile to go into drag, maybe shave your body, to entrap someone.

This is not recommended.

NYTimes doubles down, reporting YouTube as serially attracting pedophiles

As if the New York Time’s indulgent piece Sunday making exaggerated claims about YouTube radicalization (and suggesting that some persons were “alt-right” when they are not, all with "#Voxadpocalypse") were not enough, on June 3 Max Fisher and Amanda Taub wrote, in a series called “The Interpreter”, a report “On YouTube’s Digital Playground, an Open Gate for Pedophiles”.  This reminds me of the NBC busting of chatrooms (“To Catch a Predator”) and the Times reports on Justin Berry a decade ago.

  

Nevertheless, I hear reports like this often.

One problem in the LGBT area is that some videos come from overseas (outside of the larger democracies) where there may not be regulation requiring actors to be 18+.  The algorithms may push more (foreign) videos at consumers, and it might technically amount to possessing child pornography to even watch them. Technology (outside of VPN’s at least) might in time be even able to catch watchers. 

Smart phone sexting for minors gets prosecuted again, in Maryland; Canadian law doesn't need images for c.p. prosecution

Here’s another “sexting” case, reported in “The Lily”.

A teenage girl produces her own porn of an incident with a boyfriend, and texts it to her friends.  She is the actor, so there is no victim.

Yet, she still could be charged with child pornography in many states. This case occurred in Maryland.

I still wonder if all the gay YouTube videos, those from overseas, are “legal”.  In some countries it’s probably not certain that the actors were checked for age 18.

And another thing, in many countries, narratives can be considered child pornography even without images or videos (with or without animation).  This is true even in Canada. Would the legal standard the description of explicit intimacy, or only intimacy that could produce arousal in the writer? 

Youtuber sentenced for c.p. receipt after he tempts viewers

A somewhat popular YouTube star, Austin Jones, 26, was sentenced to 10 years in prison after pleading guilty to one count of receiving child pornography.

He had urged minor female to produce videos and send them to him to prove he was their “biggest fan”.

  

Buzzfeed News (Stephanie Barr) reports. 

  

The story might be interpreted as precautionary, not to entice readers or viewers with content.

COPA opinion (2007) still does bear on the "free content without gatekeepers" question

Given some debates going on concerning “free content” on the Internet, where speakers want to be heard and are willing to let platforms make profits from their work, I thought I would refer to the Pacer copy of the COPA opinion again.

On page 11, at the bottom, there is mention of me as a plaintiff for putting my first book online (with extra footnotes), which I did on July 31, 1998 (I remember doing this from my cozy apartment in the Churchill in Minneapolis well).

On page 51, for several pages, there is detailed narrative of what would happen, given 2007 technology, if visitors had to offer age verification through credit cards to visit most websites unless there were filters. But the narrative becomes relevant were there ever a public policy change eliminating “free content” as a public “hygiene” problem (to control echo chambers, fake news, “stochastic threats” and the like).  This is at least conceivable in the future, given many other recent developments. 

  

The link is in the third paragraph of the March 22, 2007 post on this site.  It's ironic that there is a discussion of free content on this opinion when the law was designed to target "commercial sites", but that paradigm is not a clean one today. 

   

This issue is relevant for a Wordpress post I published April 10, 2918, “What happens if platforms are treated as if they were publishersor movie studios, and not as utilities?” 

Addendum: April 13

The First Amendment normally is interpreted to the narrow legal concept of "publication" (a statement to at least one person who understands it). You submit an LTE, magazine article or book manuscript to a traditional print publisher, it is under no obligation to publish it and generally does so based on its own best interests as a business (will the book sell?)  The publisher shares the First Amendment right with you. With hosted and social media platforms, publication happens mostly under the user control.  Technologically (starting in the late 1990s) this had been unprecedented. The platform has the right to curate the content with algorithms, as part of its own First Amendment right. It has the right to remove or censor content or users whom it deems as unacceptable under its own political ideology, But it would probably not have the right to collude with other businesses to get them to do so and hinder competition. Judge Reid's comments starting on p. 51 probably help support that idea.  YouTuberLaw (Lior Leser) is working on a complaint with the FTC over collusive behaviors that have allegedly been taken against conservative speakers, especially in late 2018 (as with Sargon of Akkad, Milo Yiannopoulos and others). 

New Zealand law compares the recent terrorist manifesto to child pornography (for all practical purposes -- mere possession gets you ten years in prison)

New Zealand, as a British Commonwealth country temperamentally similar to Australia, has a “chief censor”, named David Shanks.

It has been widely reported that Shanks has himself banned possession of not only the video of the March 15 massacre in Christchurch, but also the 74-page manifesto.

According to the Washington Times (Andrew Blake) only establishment academics or others approved by government can possess it.  Bloggers, like myself, who might want to possess it to ensure there was no possible reference to me in the document, may not.  This sounds like a bizarre comparison to arguments surrounding the Second Amendment (as well as the First) in the U.S. 

The CTPost, in an article (AP) by Alexandra Ma, reports that anyone in New Zealand found possessing the document could be sentenced to ten years in prison, and up to fourteen years for attempting to share or upload it.
  

Make no mistake, I do live and work in the US.  So far I have read the manifesto on my smartphone (iPhone) and one laptop.  I saved the pdf for reference on the laptop, so it is backed up in the cloud but not published on the web. This is not against US law.  But if I traveled to New Zealand, say in 2022 (this is a possibility) would I be arrested?  Will their customs check my private document cloud? 

While I was in New York City March 15 I discussed this with an Uber driver and he asked me if I would email it to him.  I declined.  But it would not have been illegal.
    

I’ve mentioned the name of the perpetrator on one or two posts, and I don’t buy the idea that he gains by the notoriety.  He will be in prison for the rest of his life with no online access.  How can he benefit?

I think New Zealand treats this content as if it were like child pornography.  But the document did not need an actual victim to be produced.  This gets back to some similar problems in the past, with text only  or drawn or animated images (or manga) with no actual person as in Canada and Australia and probably New Zealand. The 1996 CPPA law in the U.S. was stuck down in 2002.

There is another conceptual issue that I have talked about elsewhere, “gratuitous publication”, and “implicit content”, especially regarding content that doesn’t seem to benefit the speaker other than to provoke another otherwise aggrieved party into action.

  

The ideology in the manifesto has been widely reported.  It is said to have some intentionally confusing and distracting passages.  It seems extremely condemnatory of individualism and of people who aren’t loyal to their own “blood and soil”.   There is something very disturbing about trying to ban information from private citizens and letting them think for themselves. 
  
Quartz has a major article by Tripti Lahiri on why New Zealand made mere possession a specific crime. The New Zealand government has an explanation classification document, the QA portion of which is surreal (is if reading the text would infect someone with a virus as in a horror film).  But it is reasonable for a country to take exception to the naming of specific places or targets in a document like this.   There may be a "problem in Canada", at least in Ontario; I'll check into this story further. 

The possible dark side of over-zealous security scanning, from the viewpoint of a foreign enemy

The media doesn’t talk about this much because there haven’t been any obvious incidents.  But it would appear, that since security companies scan sites for malware, they could easily scan for NCMEC watermarked images; and they could even scan people’s private cloud backups (which aren’t supposed to be online).

That could set up a temptation for a foreign enemy to smear someone or frame them for possession charges with hacking.  

We have little reliable experience as to how law enforcement and prosecutors would react.  Would hacking be an affirmative defense?  Possession was, at one time, an absolute liability offence.  
  
I suppose I can imagine a John Grisham novel based on this scenario. But it could set the stage for a personalized kind of “terrorism”.

CDT amicus brief in appeal on FOSTA court dismissal gives the history of CDA and COPA

The Center for Democracy and Technology in Washington DC has submitted an amicus curiae brief to the United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit (federal circuit), for the appeal by Wodhull at all to a dismissal of their lawsuit which would seek to have FOSTA (the “Backpage law”) declared unconstitutional.  The link is here.

What is striking is that the document gives a three page history, from pages 6-9, of the attempt to protect minors on the Internet with the original Communications Decency Act (CDA) of 1996, much of which was struck down by the Supreme Court in June 1997.  I actually attended the oral arguments on a snowy March day in March 1997 from the three-minute line and heard the government’s arguments (no cell phones in those days).  It's important to note that Section 230 from that law did remain and that is very important today (in fact that is what FOSTA weakens).



It follows (on about page 7) with the history of the Child Online Protection Act (COPA) itself, one dat of which I attended the trial of in Philadelphia in October 2006, via Amtrak, with a good Philly Cheesestake lunch with the lawyers that I still remember.  The judge mentioned the concept of “implicit content” from the bench that day, and it’s unusual that it comes up.

The CDA SCOTUS opinion does compare user speech on the Internet to pamphleteering or leafleting in earlier periods of American history (a topic that came up in a speech at the CDT forum in Washington Dec. 7, 2018), in conjunction with how the post office and newspaper industries worked in these time. Yet I have wondered if there is a difference between protecting the content of speech,  and protecting the right to self-distribute it.

Inappropriate content can be defined by the eye of the beholder

There have been claims that YouTube has banned the monetization of children’s gymnastics, in connection with other statements by YouTube that inappropriate comments by users could get some posts demonetized.

I couldn’t verify the first claim. But it is understandable that some viewers could perceive what is intended as a legitimate and healthful physical activity as provocative and inappropriate, given the mindset of some viewers. This is a disturbing observation with possibly serious implications.

Maybe you do need VPN to protect yourself from unexpected government spying for the "context" of your browsing habits?

ThioJoe has a video on why you need a VPN (or else, his title says).

He gives a story from July 2017 when a teenager (younger than 18) made a meme which imitates Trump getting in a fight, where the kid did a brief “deepfake” on top of a CNN brief video.

CNN tracked down the user’s IP address and contacted the teen and demanded an apology, and threatened to “dox” him.

What I wonder about is browsing.  The post previous to this referred to a government’s getting a search warrant for a user who alleged attempted to connect to a site or address thought to have child pornography.  There could be an ancillary followup.  A prosecutor could then look at a pattern of video watching, of images technically legal (or posted for special purposes in another context) but possible viewed for fantasy satisfaction, which might become a legal problem.  YouTube will sometimes warn viewers when they go directly to private videos embedded in web pages or blog posts. 

Thio also talks about “deep packet inspection” as a possible tool for law enforcement.

Merely linking to a URL with c.p. can result in a search of you home and computers

Electronic Frontier Foundation is arguing in Richmond at the Fourth Circuit on January 31 a particularly disturbing case.

A search warrant was obtained for a user’s home and computer(s) or device(s) when the user had connected to a URL for a file serving link that apparently was closely associated with child pornography.

EFF argues that this is not probable cause.

All modern web hosting services have logs that enable investigators to find all IP addresses that ever linked to any element on a site.  Google no longer allows search arguments to be displayed (it had back in 2005).  Theoretically, when a site is identified by NCMEC or similar facility, all possible users who attempted to connect could be found and investigated.

If an illegal image is loaded into a cache on the end user’s computer and the user knows that this site has illegal material, a criminal violation of possession is possible.  (At one time, some states like Arizona even had “strict liability” in these circumstances.)  This might be possible when an email preview loads, which makes phishing at least a remote risk for all users for being “framed”.

It would be possible to land on a site containing illegal images but not on a specific element that has such and image, so an investigation would show no illegal material. 

In ambiguous cases, dangerous plea bargains could be possible, including agreeing to give up Internet use.  So this situation sets up an invitation to frame and silence political enemies. 

   

One possibility that I have wondered about contains YouTube videos claiming “boys” or “teens” in sexual activity in the titles.  YouTube has become stricter in recent months on community guidelines (as have other services like Tumblr).  Presumably an end user has a “right” to assume that age 18 or 19 is possible and intended.  But some of these videos come from overseas and might be illegal to view in the U.S.  Could a prosecution happen in these circumstances.

  

The law has to draw a line somewhere on age.  In practice teens and young adults vary enormously on maturity at any given age.

"Consumers Base" offers parental controls on children's online access

Someone sent me a link to a product called “ConsumersBase” for parents to use to protect their kids from inappropriate content online.

  

 The product protects against cyber bullying, malware, inappropriate content, phishing, sexual predators, and what is most attention-getting, grooming.

This should not be confused with “consumer base exact data”. 

Vigilante groups with no law enforcement authority entrap people on the Internet for interest in minors and shame them publicly

Brandy Zadrozny writes for NBC a story about vigilante groups that function much like Chris Hansen’s “To Catch a Predator” in the 2000s. 

The groups are apparently particularly effective in entrapping young gay men, if they answer dark web or even social media ads for possibly minor gay men.

The result is often a public shaming online, although you would think platforms would take these down.

  

But the groups do not have the authority of law enforcement and might be guilty of impersonating law enforcement.

Washington Times starts 2019 with particularly graphic account of child pornography on the Dark Web

The Washington Times, admittedly a “conservative” daily newspaper for the DC area, opens the first business day in 2019 with a front page article by Jeff Mordock on the use of the “Darnket” or Dark Web and Tor for child pornography

But the prosecutions and investigations described in this article are particularly shocking, one even involving an unborn child.  I’ll leave the details to the article.

Electronic Frontier Foundation and the libertarian community as a whole has encouraged people to learn to use TOR, especially in non-democratic countries.